Internal combustion engine



' of mixturedrawn out of restriction I2 from the i to serve as a pilot lighter for thechargezthereboth throttle valves are nearly closed -for idling,

into the primary firing chamber I3 but the `small current of air iiowingpast the valve 31 will not have sufficient velocity at the nozzle 33 to draw fuel oil therefrom. y

' Inidling, therefore, a normal combustible mixture is supplied to the chamber I3 anda very small quantity of air to the cylinder. There will be under these conditionsl a very small amount firing chamber I3. AThis mixes with the small amount of air that is drawn in past the valve 31,

but the resulting mixture is so lean that it will hardly ignite by an electric spark. It will be ignited, but the burning will be very'slow.` However, the flame fromv the explosion in the primaryv combustion chamber will cause the ignition to be-more nearly instantaneous'. f f i It should be borne in mind that the restricted port.I2 is small .as compared to the venturi 2I and the opening of the valve I9, so that during thesuction stroke, Vtl'le vacuum in the cylinder runs appreciably higher than the vacuum in the vchamber I3, and there will besubstantially no `back ,flow or mixing of the charge that isin the large cylinder with the charge that is in the firing chamber. Inrother words, the mixture in the ring chamber will` remain of substantially the same proportions'o'f air-and fuel as it wasv whenmit came from the small carburetor.

As shown in the drawing, the valve I9 opens and closes at the same time as the vaive'29. `".l'he l passageway through the carburetor 22, the intake n port I8 and the restricted port I2 are ofsuch capacity as compared to the intake port 28 that the chamberv I3 issubstantially lled withy an easily ignitable mixture when' the piston has -reached the end ofits intakestroke so as to eliminate excessive overflow from the chamber' I3 into the cylinderV Where it would mix with the air andbring the charge inthe cylinder upto the same mixture ratio as that in the small ilring chamber. f l 'Y As the throttle valves '31' and 38 are moved towardv open position, the velocity through the venturi'3l will be increased, causing` a fuel oil mixture to :be drawn into the cylinder.` The*l velocity and the rate of charge through the venturi 2| willv also be increased, but .themixture' ratio will not be ,materially-changed.

In` my engine, anormal combustible rnixi'iu'rey is throttled to the small firing chamber, `which increases in volume (not richness)` as the throttle is opened, and Vat the same time, aj mixture is throttled into the cylinder, which increases in volume only (not richness)V -as the throttle is opened.

leaner than normal. l ferior mixturewhich ls difiicult to ignite, suchas fuel oil, kerosene orthe like,van'd the llame caused by the explosion of a normal mixture inthe `small v"rin'g chamber will ignite it, causing instantaneous e combustion.

`due to conditionswhich will now be explained.`

' Restriction I2 is falways greater lthan "the restriction` between the firing chamber `and the atmosphere,especially when the throttle valve #513926 Y e 33 is slightlyopenfwhich is necessary for in. `Assuming that there is gasolineinv thecarbretor 22 and fuel oil in the carburetor 32, when 1 chamber'.

'though some ofthe mixture is drawn out of the ring chamber intothe cylinder, there will never Y be any back flowy from the cylinder into the firing chamber.

. On the compressionstroke;.there will be'prac" tically'no charge from'the'large cylinder forced back into the small combustionchamber, due to the high restriction between them vand due to the diierence Yof pressures between thejcylinder and the firing chamber.

pheric pressure when the compression has mal mixture inthe `ilring chamber; that is, a

The ring chamber presi lsure is always nearer than the cylinder to atmosmixture of the same proportions of air `and liquid fuel that entered it. The vacuum in the cylinder must 'always be higher than in thefmng'chamber under all operating conditions, andthls is accomplished bythe high` restriction I2` between the ii'ringi'chamber .and thecylihder, theV simultaneous operation of the va1vfes31and'38,and the simultaneous, operation `,of the valvesQIS and29. If` af-lxed restriction were used `in place ofthe valve 38, the vacuum in the ring chamber would increase; as the lengine lspeed increased, 4which would result' in the.. vacuumj between the two', chambers becoming'moreequally balanced, or,if' the valve VI8 `were `a` spring-loadedsuction-oper-V ated valve, thelsame condition gwould exist.

`"In the present constructiomthe vacuum in the cylinder and -the `ilring chamber is vlowered in harmony as the throttle `valves `3l and V38` arev openedpand' increases inharmony as they are closed, causing the vacuumfinthe firing chamber to be always :lowerthan'in the cylinder under all operating conditions.

Where attempts were madepby other inventors.

to admit all ofthe fuel Vmixture to a flring'chamber and only air to thel cylinder, itl was necessary to provide arestrictionfbetween the cylinder and the'ring chamber/large `enough toadmit sufilcient volume of fuel mixture` to thecylinder for power. `In this case, the restrictionnwaseso large that the vacuums were too nearly equally balthe fuel-mixture charge. v In other `words fif this anced, causing'commingiing of theair charge'and 'restriction- -was made largaenough lto, admit enoughV volume` offuel mixture,*the engine` was practically a conventional` type of engine rwiththe firing chamberhaving little advantage.

. Furthermore, a large restriction reduces the fpressure built upin the small flring chamber and, l in turn, reduces the velocity :of the vflame into the cylinder to a point whereitis of little` or no advantagein accelerating combustiongln the cylinderf"` Another disadvantageofadmitting all ofA the fuel mixture tothe firing chamber is'that itvis' necessary to enrich the fuel` to increase power,

and if the fuel is enriched enough to give full power, it will'bev entirely too richinthe small combustion 'chamber to be ignited by anA electric spark. In fact, the spark plug will foul,

In my engine, the `mixturelisvno richer in the firing chamber" under load ordpower :operation than it lis u'nderllght loads, and even though nothingv but air is throttledto the cylinder, the e, engine willycarryj up into a considerablepower linking the throttle valves to cause them to open and close in unison. K K Y `2.` An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having an intake port,l a piston reciprocable in said Vcylindena primary firing chamber adjacent the upper end of the cylinder and having an intake, port, means for,chargingthecylinder and the primary ring' chamber fromseparate sources, each charging means including a carburetor with a throttle .valve on the engine side thereof, valves for the respective intakeports', mechanical means for opening and `closing-saidintake valves, a constantly open port between vsaid, ring'. chamber and theupper end of the cylinder, `m,ea.ns' ior maintaininga higher vacuum, in the' cylinder than in the primary-firing chamber duri-n'gthe entire intakelstroke of the piston, electrical means for ignitlng the charge `in the primary ring chamber` and4 vby `the explosion thereof. igniting the chargevinthe cylinder, and means linking the throttle valves to cause them .to open and close in unison. y 4.

, 3.V An internal combustion engine'comprising a cylinderv having an intake port. a piston reciprocable inV said cylinder, "a primary iiring chanliberll adjacent the upper end ofthe cylinder and having an intake port, means, for charging said cylin-v der and saidchamber fromseparatesources, each chargingA means including .a carburetor with a throttle valve on theengine side thereof, valves for the respective intake por-ts, mechanical means for opening and closing said intake. valves in timed relationto `each other, a constantly open zportbetween said chamber and the `upper end `ofthe cylinder which morerestricted thanthe intake passageleading to said chamber, electrical means for ignitin'g' theV lcharge in the vprimary ringchamber andby the" explosion thereof igi `nitin'g` the vcharge in the cylinder, and' means` linking the throttle valves-tol'cause them'to open andclose in unison.

4. An internaly combustion enginecomprising a cylinder having an intake port and valve, a primary ri'n'g'chamber having anf intake` port and valve andalso `having a restricted communication which itis connected, `and means to operate said Y throttle yvalves simultaneously `to `lovver the vacuum'andincrease the volume of the charges the cylinder. y

yproportionatelyto boththe `firing chamberand 5. An internal combustion:enginecomprisinga j cylinder having anintake port and valve, a pri- ',.mary ring chamber having an intake port and valve and also having a communicating port'into the `upper end of the cylinder,` afpiston reciprocai `ble in `said cylindera`separa`te "carburetor conncted with' each intake port, Velectrical means for igniting the charge in the vprimary firing chamber and by the l"explosionthereofigniting the charge inthe cylinder, a throttlevalve between each carburetor "andj theintake port tohwhich it iscon necteci,l said communicating port' being s'o re-v l stricted that the .vacuum fis higher infthe cylinder than in "the primary ring `chamber during substantially all of `the intakeV and compression i strokes, and means to operate saidv throttlevalves simultaneously to lower the vacuumfand increase the volume of the charges proportionately to both the primary firing chamber and thecylinden MARION MALLORY.`

10. withthe uppe'riend ofthe cylinder, a carburetor l 

